Portugal
Hold crypto >365 days and sell for 0% tax. Short-term gains taxed at 28%. Crypto-to-crypto swaps reset the holding period. NHR 2.0 (IFICI) available for qualified professionals.
FATCA Partner
Yes
FATF Status
Clear
EU Blacklist
No
Dual Nationality
Allowed
CARF Status
Committed
Bitizenship
Available
CARF Reporting
Committed
Portugal has committed to implementing CARF but has not yet specified an exact timeline. When active, crypto service providers will be required to report user transactions to tax authorities.
Tax Rates
Activity Taxes
Staking
28% or progressive rates (14.5-53%) if classified as entrepreneurial income
Mining
14.5-53% (classified as entrepreneurial/business income)
DeFi
Lending income typically taxed at 28%
NFTs
Depends on classification; tokenized securities treated differently
Taxable Events
Crypto → Fiat
Taxable
Crypto → Crypto
Not taxable
Holding Period
Holding period benefit available
365+ days holding = 0% capital gains tax. Under 365 days = 28% flat tax (or progressive rate if aggregated).
Regulation & Residency
Regulatory Body
CMVM (Securities Market Commission); Bank of Portugal
Residency Requirement
D7 passive income visa, Golden Visa (reformed), NHR 2.0/IFICI for qualified professionals
Reporting Requirements
Must declare crypto assets in annual IRS tax declaration (from 2024); DAC8 from 2026
Citizenship & Residency Path
Golden Visa (suspended for real estate); D7 passive income visa; citizenship after 5 years
Bitizenship Pathway Available
Your investment capital maintains Bitcoin exposure while you gain new residencies or citizenships. No real estate, bonds, or donations. Indirect exposure via Bitcoin companies, Bitcoin-aligned funds, and similar structures. Learn more →
Resilience & Plan B
Jurisdictional Resilience
How well-equipped this jurisdiction is for a crypto holder who wants stability, access, and protection.
JRS
Institutions (25%), banking (20%), tax clarity (20%), business (15%), privacy (10%), geopolitical (10%). Full methodology →
Plan B Readiness
How fast you can go from “I want to move” to “I’m a tax resident with banking and optionality.”
PBR
Business ease (25%), citizenship path (20%), dual nationality, quality of life & safety (15% each), Bitizenship (10%). Full methodology →
Notable Conditions
- →Crypto-to-crypto exchanges do NOT create taxable events
- →BUT crypto-to-crypto swaps RESET the 365-day holding period
- →Gains only taxable when 'compensation is expressed in currency' (i.e., crypto-to-fiat)
- →Old NHR closed Jan 2024; NHR 2.0 (IFICI) available for scientists/innovators only
- →NHR 2.0 does NOT specifically benefit crypto capital gains
- →Tokens linked to non-cooperative jurisdictions may not qualify for exemption
- →EU DAC8 directive: exchanges will report user activity from 2026
Living & Lifestyle
Cost of Living
Low-Moderate (by European standards)
Banking Access
Good
Quality of Life
Very High
Lifestyle Scores