United Kingdom
18% basic rate / 24% higher rate capital gains tax. Annual CGT allowance reduced to £3,000 (from £12,300 in 2022). Mining and staking income taxed as regular income up to 45%.
FATCA Partner
Yes
FATF Status
Clear
EU Blacklist
No
Dual Nationality
Allowed
CARF Status
First Wave (2026-27)
Bitizenship
Not yet
CARF Reporting
First Wave (2026-27)
United Kingdom is among the first wave of CARF adopters, implementing the OECD's Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework by 2026-2027. Crypto service providers will be required to automatically report user transactions to tax authorities.
Tax Rates
Activity Taxes
Staking
20-45% (income tax)
Mining
20-45% (income tax)
DeFi
Complex; case-by-case treatment
NFTs
18-24% CGT
Taxable Events
Crypto → Fiat
Taxable
Crypto → Crypto
Taxable
Holding Period
No holding period benefit
No holding period benefit; CGT rate depends on income band
Regulation & Residency
Regulatory Body
HMRC (tax); FCA (regulation)
Residency Requirement
Various visa options; Innovator visa for entrepreneurs
Reporting Requirements
Self-assessment tax return; CARF first-wave jurisdiction
Citizenship & Residency Path
Innovator Founder visa; citizenship after 5-6 years
Resilience & Plan B
Jurisdictional Resilience
How well-equipped this jurisdiction is for a crypto holder who wants stability, access, and protection.
JRS
Institutions (25%), banking (20%), tax clarity (20%), business (15%), privacy (10%), geopolitical (10%). Full methodology →
Plan B Readiness
How fast you can go from “I want to move” to “I’m a tax resident with banking and optionality.”
PBR
Business ease (25%), citizenship path (20%), dual nationality, quality of life & safety (15% each), Bitizenship (10%). Full methodology →
Notable Conditions
- →CGT annual allowance drastically reduced: £12,300 → £6,000 → £3,000
- →18% CGT for basic rate taxpayers; 24% for higher/additional rate
- →Every crypto-to-crypto swap is a taxable event
- →DeFi lending/borrowing: HMRC released guidance treating as disposals in some cases
- →First-wave CARF jurisdiction (reporting starts soon)
- →No specific crypto tax bracket - uses general CGT framework
Living & Lifestyle
Cost of Living
High (London: Very High)
Banking Access
Excellent
Quality of Life
High
Lifestyle Scores